Earth Evolution Sciences, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
○Takuya Echigo Mitsuyoshi Kimata

The crystal-chemical and mineralogical significance of the substitution between water molecules (H₂O)⁰ and lone electron pair (LEP) were discussed. Fig. 1 shows that (Rb₂H₂O)C₂O₄ is basically isostructural with (Tl₂)C₂O₄. Comparison between interlayer spaces occupied by (H₂O)⁰ and LEP in these two structures revealed the first uncharged substitution: (H₂O)⁰ <=> 2 x LEP, where the directions of the latter occupants are opposite to each other, and nearly perpendicular to a dipole direction of the former. Two LEPs of Tl⁺ work like a dipole moment of the (H₂O)⁰ in (Rb₂H₂O)C₂O₄.
Large and hard cations (K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺) commonly constitute part of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals, the structures of which suggest that incorporation of (H₂O)⁰ into their crystal structures stabilizes their minerals. On the other hand, soft cations with LEP (Tl⁺, Pb²⁺, Sn²⁺, Sb³⁺, and Bi³⁺) are incorporated mainly into sulfide minerals and not into silicate ones, and the former crystal structures suggest that sulfur anion can moderate the polyhedral distortion caused by the LEP. In conclusion, (H₂O)⁰ and LEP play key roles in forming the crystal structures of minerals containing nonvolatile incompatible elements, occurring at the very end of magmatism.